feat: add Hamming distance algorithm

Maths/HammingDistance.js

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/**
+ * @function hammingDistance
+ * @description Hamming distance between two integers is the number of
+ *   positions at which the corresponding bits are different.
+ * @param {number} a - First non-negative integer
+ * @param {number} b - Second non-negative integer
+ * @returns {number} - The Hamming distance between a and b
+ * @see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamming_distance
+ * @example hammingDistance(1, 4) => 2
+ * @example hammingDistance(3, 1) => 1
+ */
+const hammingDistance = (a, b) => {
+  if (!Number.isInteger(a) || !Number.isInteger(b) || a < 0 || b < 0) {
+    throw new TypeError('Inputs must be non-negative integers')
+  }
+  let xor = a ^ b
+  let distance = 0
+  while (xor > 0) {
+    distance += xor & 1
+    xor >>= 1
+  }
+  return distance
+}
+
+export { hammingDistance }

Maths/test/HammingDistance.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import { hammingDistance } from '../HammingDistance.js'
+
+describe('hammingDistance', () => {
+  test('hammingDistance(1, 4) returns 2', () => {
+    expect(hammingDistance(1, 4)).toBe(2)
+  })
+
+  test('hammingDistance(3, 1) returns 1', () => {
+    expect(hammingDistance(3, 1)).toBe(1)
+  })
+
+  test('hammingDistance(0, 0) returns 0', () => {
+    expect(hammingDistance(0, 0)).toBe(0)
+  })
+
+  test('hammingDistance(7, 0) returns 3', () => {
+    expect(hammingDistance(7, 0)).toBe(3)
+  })
+
+  // TO:
+  test('hammingDistance(10, 14) returns 1', () => {
+    expect(hammingDistance(10, 14)).toBe(1)
+  })
+
+  test('hammingDistance(same numbers) returns 0', () => {
+    expect(hammingDistance(5, 5)).toBe(0)
+  })
+
+  test('throws TypeError for negative input', () => {
+    expect(() => hammingDistance(-1, 4)).toThrow(TypeError)
+  })
+
+  test('throws TypeError for float input', () => {
+    expect(() => hammingDistance(1.5, 4)).toThrow(TypeError)
+  })
+})